Kuyini i-imeyili? | Umhlahlandlela ophelele wama-imeyili wesikhashana nezincwadi

Ukufinyelela okusheshayo
Isingeniso
Umlando we-imeyili
Isebenza kanjani i-imeyili?
Izingxenye ze-imeyili
Kuyini ikheli le-imeyili?
Amaklayenti e-imeyili achazwe
Ingabe i-imeyili iphephile?
Kungani i-imeyili yesikhashana ibalulekile namuhla
Qedela

Isingeniso

I-imeyili, emele i-imeyili, ingumgogodla wokuxhumana kwedijithali. Ivumela abantu emhlabeni wonke ukuthi bashintshane ngemiyalezo ngokushesha, esikhundleni sokubambezeleka kwezinhlamvu ezibonakalayo ngokuthumela cishe isikhathi sangempela. "I-imeyili" ibhekisela kokubili uhlelo lokuxhumana kanye nemilayezo yomuntu ngamunye.

Ngenkathi i-imeyili isibe yinto ehlala njalo ebhizinisini, imfundo kanye nempilo yomuntu siqu, nayo ithwala izingozi. Ugaxekile, ubugebengu, kanye nokwephulwa kwedatha kuyizinsongo ezivamile. Yilapho i-imeyili yesikhashana (i-imeyili yesikhashana) ingena khona. Isevisi efana ne-tmailor.com inikeza ibhokisi lokungenayo elilahlwayo ukuvikela abasebenzisi ku-spam nokuvikela ubunikazi babo siqu.

Kulesi siqondiso, sizohlola umlando we-imeyili, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, izingxenye zayo, nokuthi kungani i-imeyili yesikhashana ibaluleke kakhulu namuhla.

Umlando we-imeyili

Imvelaphi ye-imeyili ihlehlela emuva ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1970. Umhleli wezinhlelo uRay Tomlinson, owayesebenza ku-ARPANET - owandulela i-Intanethi yanamuhla - wathumela umyalezo wokuqala we-elekthronikhi phakathi kwale mishini emibili. Ukuqamba kwakhe kufaka phakathi uphawu lwe- "@" oludumile manje ukuhlukanisa igama lomsebenzisi nekhompyutha ephethayo.

Kuwo wonke ama-1980s nama-1990s, i-imeyili yanda ngaphesheya kwamalebhu ocwaningo namanethiwekhi ezempi. Ngokukhuphuka kwamakhompyutha omuntu siqu namaklayenti okuqala e-imeyili afana ne-Eudora ne-Microsoft Outlook, i-imeyili yafinyeleleka kumsebenzisi ojwayelekile. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990, amapulatifomu we-webmail afana ne-Hotmail ne-Yahoo Mail enza kube lula kunoma ngubani onesiphequluli ukuba abe nekheli le-imeyili lamahhala.

Ngokushesha phambili kuze kube namuhla, futhi i-imeyili ibalulekile ebhizinisini, ukuxhumana komuntu siqu, ukubhaliswa kwe-inthanethi, kanye ne-e-commerce. Kodwa ngokuthandwa kwayo kuza nezinselelo ezintsha: ukuhlaselwa kwe-phishing, i-malware, izikhukhula zogaxekile, nokukhathazeka kobumfihlo. Lezi zinselelo ziholele ekutheni abantu abaningi bamukele izinsizakalo zeposi zesikhashana lapho bedinga amabhokisi okungenayo esikhashana.

Isebenza kanjani i-imeyili?

Yize ukuthumela ama-imeyili kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa, inqubo engemuva kwezigcawu iyinkimbinkimbi.

Umzila wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo

1. Yakha umyalezo: Abasebenzisi babhala ama-imeyili kwiklayenti le-imeyili (njenge-Outlook noma i-Gmail).
2. Isiwombe se-SMTP siqala: Umnikezeli othumelayo, owaziwa ngokuthi yi-Mail Transfer Agent (MTA), uqala uxhumano usebenzisa i-Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).
3. Ukubheka kwe-DNS: Umnikezeli uhlola isizinda somamukeli ku-Domain Name System (DNS) ukuthola iseva efanele yokushintshana ngeposi (MX).
4. Ukudlulisa imiyalezo: Uma iseva ye-MX ikhona, umlayezo udluliselwa kumnikezeli weposi womamukeli.
5. Ukugcinwa nokubuyisa: Imilayezo igcinwa kuseva kuze kube yilapho umamukeli eyithola esebenzisa i-Post Office Protocol (POP3) noma i-Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP).

I-POP3 vs IMAP

• I-POP3 (I-Postal Protocol): Landa umlayezo kudivayisi bese uvame ukuwususa kumnikezeli. Kufana nokuthatha incwadi bese uyifaka ekhabetheni ledeskithophu.
• I-IMAP (Umthetho Olandelwayo Wokufinyelela Kwemiyalezo Ye-Inthanethi): Gcina imilayezo kumnikezeli bese uvumelanisa kuwo wonke amadivayisi. Kufana nokuthwala incwadi ephaketheni lakho ukuze ukwazi ukuyifunda noma kuphi.

Okufanayo ezweni langempela

Cabanga u-Alice efuna ukubonga uBob. Ubhala incwadi (i-imeyili) bese eyinika i-courier (MTA). I-courier iyiyisa ehhovisi leposi eliphakathi (SMTP), eliqinisekisa ikheli likaBob (ukubheka kwe-DNS). Uma ikheli likhona, enye i-courier izoyidlulisela ebhokisini leposi likaBob (iseva ye-MX). Ngemuva kwalokho, uBob unquma ukugcina amanothi ekhabetheni ledeskithophu (i-POP3) noma athathe nawo (IMAP).

Endabeni yeposi lesikhashana, uhlelo lweposi luyafana, kepha ibhokisi leposi likaBob lingazibhubhisa ngemizuzu eyi-10. Ngaleyo ndlela, u-Alice wayengathumela inothi lakhe, uBob wayengalifunda, bese ibhokisi leposi linyamalala, lingashiyi mkhondo.

Izingxenye ze-imeyili

I-imeyili ngayinye iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko:

Imvilophu ye-SMTP

Izimvilophu ze-SMTP azibonakali kubasebenzisi bokugcina. Kubandakanya amakheli omthumeli nowamukeli asetshenziswa yiseva ngesikhathi sokudlulisa. Njengemvilophu yeposi yangaphandle, iqinisekisa ukuthi i-imeyili ihanjiswa endaweni efanele. Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho i-imeyili ihamba phakathi kwamaseva, imvilophu ingabuyekezwa.

Isihloko

Isihloko sibonakala kumamukeli futhi siqukethe:

• Usuku: Lapho i-imeyili ithunyelwa.
• Kusuka: Ikheli lomthumeli (kanye negama lokubonisa uma likhona).
• Ku: Ikheli lomamukeli.
• Isihloko: Chaza kafushane umyalezo.
• I-CC (ikhophi yekhabhoni): Ikhophi ithunyelwa kwabanye abamukeli (kukhonjisiwe).
• I-Bcc (ikhophi eyimpumputhe): Amakhophi afihliwe athunyelwa kwabanye abamukeli.

Abahlaseli bavame ukukhohlisa izihloko ukwenza ugaxekile noma ubugebengu bubukeke busemthethweni. Yingakho amakheli e-imeyili wesikhashana abalulekile: ngisho noma uthola umyalezo ononya, uzophelelwa yisikhathi maduze.

Umzimba

Okuqukethwe kuqukethe umyalezo oyiqiniso. Kungaba:

• Umbhalo ohlanzekile: Elula, ehambisana nendawo yonke.
• I-HTML: Isekela ukufometha, izithombe, nezixhumanisi, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi ibangele izihlungi zogaxekile.
• Namathisela: Amafayela afana nama-PDF, izithombe, noma amaspredishithi.

Amabhokisi okungenayo alahlwayo aphatha izinhlobo ezifanayo zomzimba, kepha iningi livimbela noma livimbele okunamathiselwe okukhulu ukuphepha.

Kuyini ikheli le-imeyili?

Ikheli le-imeyili liyisihlonzi esiyingqayizivele sebhokisi leposi. Iqukethe izingxenye ezintathu:

• Isigaba sendawo: Ngaphambi kophawu lwe- "@" (isib. Isisebenzi ).
• @ Uphawu: Hlukanisa abasebenzisi nezizinda.
• Isizinda: Ngemuva kophawu lwe- "@" (isib. example.com ).

Imithetho nemikhawulo

• Izinhlamvu eziphezulu ezingama-320 (yize kunconywa i-254).
• Amagama wesizinda angafaka izinhlamvu, izinombolo, nama-hyphens.
• Izigaba zendawo zingaba nezinhlamvu, izinombolo, nezimpawu ezithile zezimpawu zokubhala.

Ikheli eliphikelelayo vs. ikheli lesikhashana

Amakheli e-imeyili wendabuko angahlala unomphela futhi aboshelwe kumazisi womuntu siqu noma webhizinisi. Kodwa-ke, amakheli eposi wesikhashana akhiwa futhi asuswe ngokuzenzakalelayo ngemuva kwemizuzu embalwa noma amahora.

Lokhu kuyasiza ikakhulukazi kuba:

• Hlola uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza noma iwebhusayithi yakho.
• Landa iphepha elimhlophe noma umthombo.
• Gwema ukumaketha ugaxekile ngemuva kokubhaliswa kwesikhathi esisodwa.

Kubasebenzisi abathuthukile, ungaphinda usebenzise ikheli leposi lesikhashana ukwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwalo ngenkathi uvikela ibhokisi lakho lokungenayo eliyinhloko.

Amaklayenti e-imeyili achazwe

Iklayenti le-imeyili yisoftware noma uhlelo lokusebenza lwewebhu oluvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bathumele futhi bathole ama-imeyili.

Iklayenti ledeskithophu

Isibonelo, i-Outlook, i-Thunderbird.

• Izinzuzo: Ukufinyelela okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, izici eziseqophelweni, izinketho zokusekela.
• Ububi: Idivayisi eqondene, ukusetha okudingekayo.

Iklayenti lewebhu

Isibonelo, i-Gmail, i-Yahoo Mail.

• Izinzuzo: Kufinyeleleka kusuka kunoma yisiphi isiphequluli, mahhala.
• Ububi: Idinga uxhumano lwe-inthanethi futhi ithambekele kakhulu ekukhwabaniseni.

Uhlelo lokusebenza lweposi lesikhashana

Izinsizakalo ezilula ezifana ne-tmailor.com zisebenza njengeklayenti le-imeyili elisheshayo. Esikhundleni sokuphatha iminyaka yokubhala imibhalo, banikeza ibhokisi lokungenayo elisha, elilahlwayo lokusetshenziswa kwesikhathi esisodwa.

Ingabe i-imeyili iphephile?

Ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile

• Ukuntuleka kwekhodi: Ngokuzenzakalelayo, ama-imeyili angavinjelwa.
• Ukukhwabanisa: Ama-imeyili mbumbulu akhohlisa abasebenzisi ukuthi badalule imininingwane ebucayi.
• I-Domain Spoofing: Abahlaseli baphazamisa ulwazi lomthumeli.
• I-Ransomware ne-malware: Okunamathiselwe kusabalalisa ikhodi enonya.
• Ugaxekile: Imiyalezo eminingi engafuneki ivala ibhokisi lokungenayo.

Izinketho zokufihla ngamakhowudi

1. I-TLS (Ukuphepha Kwesendlalelo Sokuthutha): Umlayezo ubhalwe ngekhodi ngesikhathi sokudlulisa, kepha umhlinzeki usengabona okuqukethwe.
2. Ukubethela kokuphela kokuphela (E2EE): Umthumeli nomamukeli kuphela ongakhipha umyalezo.

Incwadi Yesikhashana Yokuvikelwa

I-imeyili yesikhashana ayizixazululi zonke izinkinga zokufihla ngamakhowudi, kodwa inciphisa ukuvezwa. Uma ibhokisi lokungenayo elilahlwayo lithola ugaxekile noma imilayezo yobugebengu, abasebenzisi bangalishiya. Lokhu kunciphisa isikhathi sokuphila kwengozi futhi kusiza ukugcina ikheli lakho le-imeyili eliyinhloko liphephile.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngengqalasizinda, bheka: Kungani tmailor.com esebenzisa amaseva e-Google ukusingatha izizinda?

Kungani i-imeyili yesikhashana ibalulekile namuhla

I-imeyili isenamandla kodwa igcwele. Izihlungi zogaxekile aziphelele, futhi abathengisi bedatha bahlala beqoqa amakheli. I-imeyili yesikhashana inikeza isixazululo:

• Ubumfihlo: Asikho isidingo sokwabelana ngobuntu bakho bangempela.
• Lawula ugaxekile: Gwema ukucindezeleka ebhokisini lakho lokungenayo isikhathi eside.
• Okusheshayo: Ukumiswa okusheshayo, akukho ukubhaliswa okudingekayo.
• Ukuphepha: Ukuncishiswa kwendawo yokuhlaselwa kwabaduni

Isibonelo, ikheli leposi lemizuzu eyi-10 elivela tmailor.com likhiqizwa ngokushesha, lisebenza ngemisebenzi yesikhashana, futhi liyanyamalala ngaphandle komkhondo.

Qedela

I-imeyili iyipulatifomu yezobuchwepheshe, kepha futhi iyisisulu esivame ukuhlaselwa nabahlaseli. Ukuqonda ukuthi isebenza kanjani - kusuka ezimvilophini ze-SMTP kuya kuphrothokholi ye-POP3 - kusiza abasebenzisi ukuthi baqonde amandla nobuthakathaka bayo.

Ngenkathi amakheli wendabuko esadingeka, izinsizakalo ze-imeyili zesikhashana zinikeza inetha lokuphepha eliyigugu. Noma ngabe ubhalisela isivivinyo samahhala, ukulanda izinsizakusebenza, noma ukuvikela ubunikazi bakho bedijithali, iposi lesikhashana likuvumela ukuthi uhlale uphephile.

Funda kabanzi mayelana tmailor.com futhi ubone ukuthi amabhokisi eposi alahlwayo angenza kanjani impilo yakho eku-inthanethi ibe lula futhi iyimfihlo ngokwengeziwe.