Ko e ha ʻa e ʻImeili? | Ko e Fakahinohino Kakato ki he Ngaahi ʻImeili mo e Ngaahi Tohi Fakataimi

Hu vave ki ai
Fakafeʻiloaki
Hisitolia ʻo e ʻimeili
ʻOku ngaue fefe ʻa e ʻimeili?
Ngaahi konga ʻo ha ʻimeili
Ko e ha ʻa e tuʻasila ʻimeili?
Fakamatalaʻi ʻo e Kau Kasitomaa ʻImeili
ʻOku malu nai ʻa e ʻimeili?
ʻUhinga ʻoku Mahuʻinga ai ʻa e Meili Fakataimi he ʻAho ni
Fakaʻosi

Fakafeʻiloaki

Ko e ʻimeili, ʻa ia ʻoku ʻuhinga ki he ʻimeili, ko e huituʻa ia ʻo e fetuʻutaki fakaʻilekitulonika. ʻOku ne fakaʻata ʻa e kakai ʻi he funga ʻo e mamani ke nau fevahevaheʻaki ʻa e ngaahi popoaki ʻi he taimi pe ko ia, ʻo fetongi ʻa e toloi ʻo e ngaahi tohi fakatuʻasino ʻaki hono ʻave ʻi he taimi moʻoni. ʻOku ʻuhinga ʻa e "ʻimeili" ki he founga fetuʻutaki mo e ngaahi popoaki fakafoʻituitui.

Neongo kuo hoko ʻa e ʻimeili ko ha meʻa tuʻumaʻu ʻi he pisinisi, ako mo e moʻui fakatautaha, ka ʻoku ʻi ai foki mo ha ngaahi fakatuʻutamaki. ʻOku faʻa hoko ʻa e spam, phishing, mo e maumauʻi ʻo e fakamatala ko ha ngaahi fakamanamana lahi. Ko e feituʻu ʻeni ʻoku hu mai ai ʻa e ʻimeili fakataimi (meili fakataimi). ʻOku ʻomi ʻe ha ngaue hange ko e tmailor.com ha puha meʻa ke maluʻi ʻaki ʻa e kau fakaʻaongaʻi mei he spam mo maluʻi honau tuʻunga fakafoʻituitui.

ʻI he fakahinohino ko ʻeni, te tau vakaiʻi ai ʻa e hisitolia ʻo e ʻimeili, founga ʻo ʻene ngaue, hono ngaahi konga, mo e ʻuhinga ʻoku fakautuutu ai ʻa e mahuʻinga ʻo e meili fakataimi he ʻaho ni.

Hisitolia ʻo e ʻimeili

Naʻe kamata ʻa e ʻimeili ʻi he konga kimuʻa ʻo e 1970. Naʻe ʻave ʻe he tokotaha polokalama ko Ray Tomlinson, ʻa ia naʻa ne ngaue ʻi he ARPANET — ʻa e kamataʻanga ʻo e ʻInitaneti ʻo e ʻaho ni — ʻa e fuofua popoaki fakaʻilekitulonika ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ongo misini. Naʻe kau ʻi heʻene foʻou foʻou ʻa e fakaʻilonga "@" ke fakamavahevaheʻi ʻa e hingoa ngaue mei he komipiuta ʻoku ne tokangaʻi.

ʻI he ngaahi taʻu ʻo e 1980 mo e 1990, naʻe fakalahi atu ʻa e ʻimeili ʻi he ngaahi loki fakatotolo mo e ngaahi netiueka fakakautau. ʻI he fakautuutu ʻo e ngaahi komipiuta fakatautaha mo e ngaahi fuofua ʻimeili hange ko e Eudora mo e Microsoft Outlook, naʻe lava ke maʻu ʻe he tokotaha fakaʻaongaʻi angamaheni ʻa e ʻimeili. ʻI he konga ki mui ʻo e 1990, naʻe fakafaingofuaʻi ʻe he webmail platforms hange ko e Hotmail mo e Yahoo Mail ke maʻu ʻe ha taha pe ʻoku ʻi ai haʻane browser ha tuʻasila ʻimeili taʻetotongi.

ʻOku mahuʻinga ʻa e ʻimeili ki he pisinisi, fetuʻutaki fakatautaha, lesisita ʻi he ʻinitaneti, mo e e-commerce. Ka ʻi heʻene manakoa ʻoku hoko mai ai ha ngaahi pole foʻou: phishing attacks, malware, spam flooding, mo e ngaahi hohaʻa ki he totonu fakafoʻituitui. Kuo hanga ʻe he ngaahi faingataʻa ko ʻeni ʻo ʻai ha kakai tokolahi ke nau fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e ngaahi meili fakataimi ʻi he taimi ʻoku nau fie maʻu ai ha puha meili taimi nounou.

ʻOku ngaue fefe ʻa e ʻimeili?

Neongo ʻoku lau sekoni siʻi hono ʻave ʻo e ngaahi ʻimeili, ka ʻoku faingataʻa ʻa e founga ʻo e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku hoko.

Routing sitepu ki he sitepu

1. Faʻu ha popoaki: ʻOku tohi ʻe he kau ngaue ʻa e ngaahi ʻimeili ʻi ha kasitoma ʻimeili (hange ko e Outlook pe Gmail).
2. Kamata ʻa e Fakataha SMTP: ʻOku kamata ʻe he server ʻoku ne ʻave ʻa e fehokotakiʻanga ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).
3. DNS Lookup: ʻOku vakaiʻi ʻe he server ʻa e domain ʻo e tokotaha ʻoku ne maʻu ʻi he Domain Name System (DNS) ke maʻu ʻa e server fakafetongi meili totonu (MX).
4. ʻAve ʻo e Ngaahi Popoaki: Kapau ʻoku ʻi ai ha MX server, ʻoku ʻave leva ʻa e popoaki ki he server meili ʻa e tokotaha ʻoku ne maʻu.
5. Tauhiʻanga mo e toe maʻu: ʻOku tauhi ʻa e ngaahi popoaki ʻi he server kae ʻoua kuo maʻu kinautolu ʻe he tokotaha ʻoku ne maʻu ʻo fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa e Post Office Protocol (POP3) pe Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP).

POP3 vs IMAP

• POP3 (Postal Protocol): Download ʻa e popoaki ki he device pea faʻa tamateʻi ia mei he server. ʻOku hange ia ko haʻo toʻo ha tohi ʻo faʻo ʻi ha toloa tesi.
• IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol): Tauhi ʻa e ngaahi popoaki ʻi he server pea sync ʻi he ngaahi meʻangaue. ʻOku hange ia ko haʻo toʻotoʻo ha tohi ʻi ho kato koeʻuhi ke ke lava ʻo lau ia ʻi ha faʻahinga feituʻu pe.

Ko e meʻa tatau pe ʻi he mamani moʻoni

Fakakaukau ange ki he fie fakamalo ʻa ʻAlisi kia Popi. ʻOku ne fai ha tohi (ʻimeili) pea ʻave ia ki ha talafekau (MTA). ʻOku ʻave ia ʻe he talafekau ki he central post office (SMTP), ʻa ia ʻoku ne fakapapauʻi ʻa e tuʻasila ʻo Bob (DNS lookup). Kapau ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e tuʻasila, ʻe ʻoatu ia ʻe ha tokotaha talafekau ʻe taha ki he puha meili ʻa Popi (MX server). Hili ia, ʻoku fakakaukau ʻa Popi ke tauhi ʻa e fanga kiʻi fakamatala ʻi he toloa tesi (POP3) pe ʻalu mo ia (IMAP).

ʻI he meili fakataimi, ʻoku tatau pe ʻa e meili fakapositi, ka ʻe lava ke fakaʻauha pe ʻe he puha meili ʻa Popi ʻi ha miniti ʻe 10. ʻI he founga ko ia, naʻe lava ke ʻave ʻe ʻAlisi ʻene kiʻi tohi, ʻe lava ke lau ia ʻe Popi, pea ʻe pulia leva ʻa e puha meili, ʻo ʻikai toe ʻi ai hano fakaʻilonga.

Ngaahi konga ʻo ha ʻimeili

ʻOku ʻi ai ha konga lalahi ʻe tolu ʻo e ʻimeili takitaha:

Sila SMTP

ʻOku ʻikai lava ke sio ki he ngaahi sila SMTP ʻe he niʻihi ʻoku nau fakaʻaongaʻi. ʻOku kau ai ʻa e tuʻasila ʻo e tokotaha ʻoku ne ʻoatu mo e tokotaha ʻoku ne maʻu ʻa e meʻa ʻoku ne maʻu ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi ʻe he server lolotonga ʻa e feʻaveʻaki Hange ko e sila meili ʻi tuʻa, ʻoku ne fakapapauʻi ʻoku ʻave ʻa e meili ki he feituʻu totonu. Ko e taimi kotoa pe ʻoku feʻaluʻaki ai ha ʻimeili ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ngaahi server, ʻe lava ke ʻoatu ʻa e fakamatala fakamuimuitaha ki he sila.

ʻUluʻi fakamatala

ʻOku lava ke mamata ki he hingoa ʻo e tokotaha ʻoku ne maʻu ʻa e hingoa pea ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e:

• ʻAho: ʻI he taimi ʻoku ʻave ai ʻa e ʻimeili.
• Mei he: Ko e tuʻasila ʻo e tokotaha naʻa ne ʻomai (mo e hingoa ʻoku fakaʻasi mai, kapau ʻoku kaunga ki ai).
• Ki he: Ko e tuʻasila ʻo e tokotaha ʻoku ne maʻu.
• Kaveinga: Fakamatalaʻi nounou ʻa e popoaki.
• Cc (tatau ʻo e kaponi): ʻOku ʻave ha tatau ki he niʻihi kehe ʻoku nau maʻu (ʻoku ha atu).
• Bcc (tatau kui): ʻOku ʻave ʻa e ngaahi tatau fufuuʻi ki he niʻihi kehe ʻoku nau maʻu ia.

ʻOku faʻa loi ʻa e kau ʻohofi ke ʻai ʻa e spam pe phishing ke ngali moʻoni. Ko e ʻuhinga ʻeni ʻoku mahuʻinga ai ʻa e ngaahi tuʻasila meili fakataimi: neongo kapau te ke maʻu ha popoaki kovi, ʻe vave pe hano ʻaonga.

Sino

ʻOku ʻi ai ha popoaki moʻoni ʻi he meʻa ʻi loto. ʻE lava ke pehe:

• Fakamatala Maʻa: Faingofua, ʻoku fenapasi fakalukufua.
• HTML: Poupouʻi ʻa e fokotuʻutuʻu, ngaahi ʻata, mo e ngaahi fehokotakiʻanga, ka ʻoku ngalingali te ne fakatupu ʻa e spam filters.
• Fakapipiki: Ngaahi faile hange ko e PDF, ngaahi ʻata, pe spreadsheets.

ʻOku ngaue ʻaki ʻe he ngaahi puha meili ʻa e faʻahinga sino tatau, ka ko e lahi taha ʻoku nau fakangatangata pe taʻofi ʻa e ngaahi meʻa lalahi koeʻuhi ko e malu.

Ko e ha ʻa e tuʻasila ʻimeili?

Ko e tuʻasila ʻimeili ko ha meʻa ia ʻoku ne ʻiloʻi makehe ha puha meili. ʻOku konga ʻe tolu:

• Konga Fakalotofonua: Kimuʻa ʻi he fakaʻilonga "@" (e.g., tokotaha ngaue ).
• @ Fakaʻilonga: Fakamavahevaheʻi ʻa e kau fakaʻaongaʻi mo e domains.
• Domain: Hili ʻa e fakaʻilonga "@" (e.g., example.com ).

Ngaahi Tuʻutuʻuni mo e Fakangatangata

• Lahi taha ʻi he mataʻitohi ʻe 320 (neongo ʻoku fokotuʻu atu ke 254).
• ʻE lava ke kau ʻi he ngaahi hingoa ʻo e domain ʻa e ngaahi mataʻitohi, mataʻifika, mo e haifine.
• ʻE lava ke kau ʻi he ngaahi konga fakalotofonua ʻa e ngaahi mataʻitohi, mataʻifika, mo ha ngaahi fakaʻilonga lea pau.

Tuʻasila ʻoku kei hokohoko atu vs. tuʻasila fakataimi

ʻE lava ke tolonga taʻefakangatangata ʻa e ngaahi tuʻasila ʻimeili angamaheni pea ʻoku haʻi ia ki ha tuʻunga fakatautaha pe fakapisinisi. Neongo ia, ʻoku faʻu ʻa e ngaahi tuʻasila meili fakataimi pea tamateʻi he taimi pe ko ia hili ha ngaahi miniti siʻi pe houa.

ʻOku tautautefito ʻene ʻaonga ki he:

• ʻAhiʻahiʻi hoʻo app pe uepisaiti.
• Download ha pepa hinehina pe maʻuʻanga tokoni.
• Fakaʻehiʻehi mei he fakamaketi spam hili haʻo totongi tuʻo taha.

Ki he kau ngaue maʻolunga ange, te ke lava foki ʻo toe fakaʻaongaʻi ha tuʻasila meili fakataimi ke fakaloloa ʻene moʻui lolotonga hono maluʻi hoʻo tefitoʻi puha melino.

Fakamatalaʻi ʻo e Kau Kasitomaa ʻImeili

Ko e ʻimeili ko ha polokalama fakakomipiuta pe ko ha polokalama uepisaiti ʻoku ne fakaʻata ʻa e kau fakaʻaongaʻi ke ʻave mo maʻu ʻa e ngaahi ʻimeili.

Desktop Client

Hange ko ʻeni, Outlook, Thunderbird.

• Ngaahi lelei: Hu ki he ʻinitaneti, ngaahi meʻa maʻolunga ange, ngaahi fili talifaki.
• Ngaahi kovi: Device pau, fokotuʻutuʻu fiemaʻu.

Tokotaha Fakatau Uepi

Hange ko ʻeni, Gmail, Yahoo Mail.

• Ngaahi lelei: ʻE lava ke maʻu mei ha faʻahinga browser pe, taʻetotongi.
• Ngaahi kovi: ʻOku fie maʻu ki ai ha fehokotakiʻanga ʻInitaneti pea ʻoku faingofua ange ki he kakaa.

Polokalama Meili Fakataimi

ʻOku ngaue ʻa e ngaahi tokoni maʻamaʻa hange ko e tmailor.com ʻo hange ha kasitoma ʻimeili he taimi pe ko ia. ʻOku ʻikai ke nau tokangaʻi ha ngaahi fetohiʻaki ʻi ha ngaahi taʻu lahi, ka ʻoku nau ʻoatu ha puha meili foʻou ke fakaʻaongaʻi tuʻo taha pe.

ʻOku malu nai ʻa e ʻimeili?

Ngaahi vaivai angamaheni

• ʻIkai ke ʻi ai ha coding: ʻE lava ke taʻofi ʻa e ngaahi ʻimeili.
• Kakaa: ʻOku kakaaʻi ʻe he ngaahi ʻimeili loi ʻa e kau fakaʻaongaʻi ke nau fakahaaʻi ʻa e ngaahi fakamatala pelepelengesi
• Domain Spoofing: ʻOku loi ʻa e fakamatala ʻa e kau ʻohofi ki he tokotaha naʻa nau ʻomai.
• Ransomware mo e malware: ʻOku fakamafola ʻe he meʻa ʻoku fakapipiki ki ai ʻa e kouti kovi.
• Spam: ʻOku hanga ʻe he ngaahi popoaki lahi ʻoku ʻikai fie maʻu ʻo poloka ʻa e puha melino.

Ngaahi fili mei he encryption

1. TLS (Transport Layer Security): ʻOku fakapulipuli ʻa e popoaki lolotonga ʻa e feʻaveʻaki, ka ʻoku kei lava pe ʻe he kautaha ʻo sio ki he meʻa ʻoku ʻi ai.
2. Encryption ʻo e ngataʻanga ki he ngataʻanga (E2EE): Ko e tokotaha pe ʻoku ne ʻoatu mo e tokotaha ʻoku ne maʻu ʻa e popoaki te ne lava ʻo toʻo ʻa e popoaki.

Tohi Fakataimi ki he Maluʻi

ʻOku ʻikai fakaleleiʻi ʻe he meili fakataimi ʻa e ngaahi palopalema kotoa pe ʻo e encryption, ka ʻoku ne fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e ʻasi mai. Kapau ʻoku maʻu ʻe ha puha meʻa ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻaonga ha spam pe ngaahi popoaki phishing, ʻe lava ke liʻaki ia ʻe he kau fakaʻaongaʻi. ʻOku fakangatangata heni ʻa e loloa ʻo e tuʻunga fakatuʻutamaki pea tokoni ke maluʻi hoʻo tefitoʻi tuʻasila ʻimeili.

Ke maʻu ha fakamatala lahi ange fekauʻaki mo e infrastructure, vakai: Ko e ha ʻoku tmailor.com fakaʻaongaʻi ai ʻa e Google servers ke fakalele ʻa e domains?

ʻUhinga ʻoku Mahuʻinga ai ʻa e Meili Fakataimi he ʻAho ni

ʻOku kei malohi pe ʻa e ʻimeili ka ʻoku taʻemaau. ʻOku ʻikai haohaoa ʻa e spam filters, pea ʻoku tanaki maʻu pe ʻe he kau broker fakamatala ʻa e ngaahi tuʻasila. ʻOku ʻomi ʻe he meili fakataimi ha founga ke fakaleleiʻi ʻaki:

• Totonu fakafoʻituitui: ʻOku ʻikai fie maʻu ia ke ke vahevahe ho tuʻunga totonu.
• Mapuleʻi ʻa e spam: Fakaʻehiʻehi mei he moveuveu ʻi hoʻo puha meili ʻi ha taimi loloa.
• Faingamalie: Fokotuʻutuʻu he taimi pe ko ia, ʻikai fie maʻu ke lesisita.
• Maluʻi: Fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e feituʻu ʻoku ʻohofi ai ʻa e kau hackers.

Hange ko ʻeni, ko ha tuʻasila meili miniti ʻe 10 mei he tmailor.com ʻoku faʻu he taimi pe ko ia, ngaue ki he ngaahi ngaue taimi nounou, pea pulia ʻo ʻikai hano ʻilo.

Fakaʻosi

Ko e ʻimeili ko ha tuʻunga fakatekinolosia, ka ʻoku toe hoko foki ia ko ha taumuʻa maʻu pe ia ʻe he kau ʻohofia. ʻOku tokoni ʻa e mahino ʻa e founga ʻo ʻene ngaue – mei he sila SMTP ki he POP3 protocol – ke fakahoungaʻi ʻe he kau fakaʻaongaʻi ʻa hono ngaahi malohinga mo e vaivaiʻanga.

Neongo ʻoku kei mahuʻinga pe ʻa e ngaahi tuʻasila angamaheni, ka ʻoku ʻomi ʻe he ngaahi tokoni ʻimeili fakataimi ha maluʻi mahuʻinga. Tatau ai pe pe ʻoku ke fakamoʻoni ki ha ʻahiʻahi taʻetotongi, download ʻo e ngaahi maʻuʻanga tokoni, pe maluʻi ho tuʻunga fakaʻilekitulonika, ʻoku fakaʻata koe ʻe he meili fakataimi ke ke nofo malu.

ʻIlo lahi ange fekauʻaki mo e tmailor.com pea vakai ki he founga ʻe lava ai ʻe he puha meili ʻoku fakaʻaongaʻi ʻo ʻai hoʻo moʻui ʻi he ʻInitaneti ke faingofua mo fakafoʻituitui ange.